Alimida

REPORT
Delivered on the scientific-practical conference on the 23-24 October of 2003 in Elista: “National policy of the Soviet State:
persecution of the people and the problems of their restoring”
“Russia and Nokhchichoe-Chechenia in the past and today”
Murad Nashkhoev, publicist

To my opinion, one must not consider the national problems of our people in isolation from the common historical process. I mean it is absurdity to divide the historical process into soviet and presoviet periods. An abrupt turn in development of our people begin from 16th century when Moscow knighthood declaring itself the successor of the crashed in 1453 Byzantine began to carry out an aggressive military policy against other nations. Herewith they invented a myth telling that the Moscow tsars were as if “gathering the Russian lands” which as it turned out to be scattered throughout the whole world. This concerned also the people of the Caucasus who are an inherent part of the Europe.
Each folk deserve recognition and respect. We, the Caucasians, always have found common language. We have always understood each other. We, the nations of Caucasus, understand our past better than anyone else. We can find the compromises and optimal decisions keeping the interests of each people. And I think we are to speak the truth at this conference throwing away the principle of “political reason and necessity”. I am convinced that on this occasion we should follow the advices of the great Roman Pope Leo the 13th who said: “The first lesson of history is not allow ourselves to tell lies and the second is not to be afraid of telling truth”. From this position I am going to consider the relations between Nokhchichoe and Russia.
Translating from Greek and Latin languages the word “genocide” means “killing of people”. The identical meaning has the Jewish word “holocost” which denotes death annihilation, killing and execution. The Jewish folk notes the day of holocost thinking that the world must know about the crimes of soldiers against humanity. The French parliament adopted the law on the genocide of Armenian nation in 1915 when the Russian expedition division took part on the side of Turkey. Admission of the genocide of different folks by leaders of many states is an obvious sign of recovering of the ill world society making humanism the main criterion of the peaceful policy. Shortly before She died the queen of the Great Britain begged the pardon of the indigenous population of the New Zeeland for the genocide character crimes of her predecessors. The same was the behavior of the Emperor of Japan who blamed the brutal treating of the Korean nation by the Japanese soldiers during the second World War as such actions could be regarded as the inner question of Japan, Britain or Germany.
The investigation of the reason of the deportation of the Chechens and Ingushes on the 23 February of 1944 pushes any sane man to the conclusion: from the very beginning of the 18th century Russia have led a distinctly genocide against the Chechen nation in all spheres of social life.
There are a variety of forms, methods and ways of genocide. These testify Russian, Jewish, German, Polish, French and as well Chechen scientists: historians, linguists, philosophers, politicians, diplomats etc. The investigation of genocide policy begun from the 25th August of 1959 have been continued till nowadays.
Before the 18th century and especially since the time of Ivan Grozny the Moscovia carried out some aggressive wars against the Western and the Northern Europe throwing the conquerors into Siberia and at the same time peering into the Caucasus and the Central Asia. Annihilation the indigenous people on its way to the South the Great Moscow knighthood according to the conditions of the Westfall Treaty of 1648 reached the border of Nokhchichoe – Chechenya which at that time had wide area till the Caspian Sea. At that time there was a great flow of Russian refugees running to Chechenia from the Russian system serfdom which have been pressed in Russia in such or other way always while they are demagogically reasoning on the nations of democracy, freedom and human rights. The Russian refugees were admitted to Chechenia according to the law of social and political balance one of the items of which is the demand to defend the humiliated and offended. Thus went on till Peter I got the throne and since that time the Great Moscow knighthood was called Russia. Peter I ordained by decree a genocide war against Chechenia which is still continued till nowadays.
Look at the facts that testify this statement. 1708 – on 26th of February Russia began the war against Chechenia by decree of Peter I, sending a corps of the five thousands Cossacks with the count Apraksin as the commander-in-chief. He was defeated by the Chechen warriors-surhos near the village Aldi. On the 23d July of 1721 the brigade commander Veterani began to burn down the Chechen villages in the East of the Caucasus.
4th August of 1721 the poruchik Kudryavtsev commanded by the Kalmyk campaign against Chechenia.
28 July 1722 the Russian troops expelled Andery-oevla.
1722 – by decrees of Peter I the Don Cossacks burnt down all the Chechen villages by the rivers Sunzha and Argun.
The Russian-Turkish Treaty of the 12th June of 1724 has not a word telling that Chechenia was in sphere of interest of Russia or Turkey. The Resht Treaty between Russia and Iran of the 12th January of 1732 did not contain such item either.
1732 – the commander of the fortress of the Saint Cross (Budyonovsk nowadays) the general Douglas sent a detachment headed by subcolonel Kokh to Chechenia which resulted in burning down Chechen-oevla. Thus 4 July of 1732 the general Douglas organized a punitive expedition into Chechenia.
The same is with the Belgrad Peace Treaty between Russian and Turkey of the 18th September of 1739 on the conditions of which Chechenia is not the property neither of Russia nor of Turkey.
1758-1759 – the Kizlyar commandant Frauendorf annihilated the Chechen-oevla.
On the 7th April of 1758 the general Frauendorf organized a punitive expedition through the whole Chechenia.
1770 – the general the count de Medem devastated all Sunzha villages and took all alive inhabitants as hostages.
On 3-4 March of 1783 the Russian troops headed by colonel Kokh in a most bandit way devastated and annihilated Atagi and Aldi.
In September of 1783 the general Potiomkin excelled himself by slaughters in Chechenia.
On the 6th July of 1785 the colonel Pieri burnt down Aldi which had 400 courtyards.
On the 8th July of 1785 the brigade commander Apraksin burnt down Amirhan-yurt.
March of 1785 – June of 1791 is the period of the fight of Sheikh Mansur against the Russian invasion.
In 1785 the general Tekelli, colonels Saveliev and Retinder made slaughters in Chechenia.
The Yass Peace Treaty of the 29th December of 1791 did not give the right of possessing Chechenia neither to Russia nor to Turkey.
1805 – the troops of the general Glazenap devastated and annihilated all the Chechen villages on the river Argun in the Big Chechnia.
12 February – 18 March of 1807 the ten thousand brigade of the general Bulgakov annihilated villages Germenchuk, Atagi, Khankala, and the farmsteads that were nearby.
I. The plan of Lowitsky of the 30th April of 1806 said: “It would be highly useful to eradicate the Chechens and Ingushs from the canyons where they live and make them to settle on the other deserted Russian lands as these people where they live and make them to move so as to settle down on the other, waste lands of Russia as these people still inveterate bandits can’t be pacified by any other way by eradication or making them to but settle down on the other lands (Acts of the Caucasians Archeologists Commission, v. 3, p.7).
1-15 July of 1813 the colonel Tikhonovsky annihilated nine kystin villages.
According to Ghulistan Peace Treaty of the 24th October of 1813 Iran admitted the power over Russia over Azerbaidzhan and Dagestan.
On 10th June of 1818 the general Yermolov founded the Grozny fortress (the Terrible) annihilating meanwhile more than 40 Chechen villages and farmsteads.
In 1819 Yermolov destroyed Chechen Shali, Germenchuk, Avtury, Geldegen and Mairtup villages.
15 September 1819 the Russian general Syssoev destroyed Dadi-Yurt.
In August 1819 colonel Grekov ruined Chechen villages along the rivers Sunzha and Argun.
6-15 March 1820 colonel Grekov destroyed Tolpi and Germenchuk.
21 October 1820 the general Stahl-2 took 50 aldermen from the Kachkalin country as hostages.
1-5 March 1821 Grekov annihilated Jisti-chu, Oisungur, Noibera, Navruz and some other villages.
1-5 February 1822 Grekov destroyed Goity, Urus-Martan and took three hostages.
8-14 February 1822 Grekov ruined Shali and New Atagi villages.
20 October 1822 Grekov destroyed Topli village.
In November 1822 Grekov devastated all villages along Argun river.

II. In 1824 Pavel Pestel in his “The Russian Truth” put forward plan of conquering our Fatherland. It was the following: “Divide all these Caucasians on two categories: those who are peaceful and those who are furious. The first one let to live in their dwellings and give them the Russian system of organization and administration of life and then to make them by force to move into Russia and separating them to small groups make them to live in various Russian provinces. And on the contrary make the Russian villages on the Caucasian lands taken those who were furious inhabitants go that by this act to wipe off any signs of the previous inhabitants of the Caucasus and make of the Caucasus a quiet and comfortable Russian province” (p. 167).
III. The conquering the Caucasus policy was made by the representatives of the Masonic society “The Great East” which in 20-30s of the nineteen century elaborated a capacious plan which supposed to lead a policy of war and clashing the Caucasian folks with each other too. The core of this plan is the tactic of annihilating the nations resisting to colonization. Yermolov knew about this plan but however hi did not succeed in colliding the Chechens and therefore he complained in a report to Alexander I telling the following: “Even the tenth part of our casualties and even one criminal [he means the combatants] was not given to us by the Chechens”. The Chechen combatants were called criminals and bandits from that time.
In January of 1825 general Grekov devasted Goity, Urus-Martan, Gikhi and Karabulak.
On 16th June of 1825 generals Grekov and Zissarevich cut out 318 aldermen of Aksay and Gerzel.
In 1826 Yermolov organized expedition to the Big Chechenia and destroyed Atagi, Chakhkeri, Urus-Martan and villages on the Argun, Martan and Gikhi rivers.
In 1829 Nikolay I handed in to the Chief-in-commander of the Caucasus I. Paskevich the edict “On putting down the mountainous people for ever or annihilating disobedients”.
In August of 1831 general Velyaminov carries out a ferocious campaign in Chechenia.
19 October of 1831 the Russian troops ruined Chiri-Yurt.
In March 1831 baron Rosen devastates Chechenia and Dagestan.
In August of 1832 baron Rosen destroyed 80 countries. The remained alive were taken as hostages.
23-28 August 1832 general Velyminov annihilated Germenchug, Kotar-Yurt, Alkhan-Yurt etc.
In October 1832 Rosen completed pogrom in Chechenia, annexed form Chechenia some villages and gave them to Dagestan.
28 January of 1836 colonel Pullo annihilated Koshkeldy.
23 August of 1836 Pullo destroyed villages along Yaman-Su river and villages Zandak in the Eastern Part of Chechenia too.
In 1837 the general Fezi punishes Chechenia: on the 24th February annihilated oevla Mesketi and during the period from the 24th of February tikk the 1st of April he annihilated the oevlas along the rivers Aksai, Jaman-Su and the oevlas of the Kachkalyk ridge. On the 1st March of 1837 the general Fezi annihilated the oevla Alleroi.
In 1832 they annihilated the oevla Nurhi (in the Russian record Nurkhi), which was famous by its gifted doctors throughout Chechenia. On the 9th August of 1832 the knight Bekovich – Cherkassky informed in details how his soldiers cut out 150 families of the oevla. Nowadays not far from Nurhi is the oevla Shalaji as nobody has right to disturb the ask of the burnt down and annihilated inhabitants of the previos oevla Nurhi.
In 1839 during the highest point of the developed genocide and holocost Nicolai I brought in the Russia system of administration in Chechenia.
9 - 15 May of 1839 the general Grabbe devastated all the Chechen oevlas valleys of the rivers Aksai and Jaman – Su and took many hostages.
In December of 1839 the general Pullo punishes the Chechen oevlas with the aim to support the Russian system of administration, which the indigenous population of Chechenia refused to admit. The general Pullo took hostages from each oevla.
In 1840 the Russian soldiers devastated the oevlas of the Aukh province of Chechenia: Yarik-Su, Marezuk-Yurt on the river Yarik-Su.
Then the general Pullo devastatet Gyurzhi-mohk, Zandak are, Gendergen.
On 7-10 July of 1840 the general Galafeev devastated all the oevlas by the line Old Ataghi – Chakhkeri – Goity, Urus-Martan – Ghikhi.
In this war took part the Russian writers and poets: fireworks maker of the second rank Leo Tolstoi, the commander of “the flight detachment” or “the hunter detachment” Michael Lermontov (nowadays such bandit detachments acting in chechenia are called “the death escadrons”), and Polejaev also.
On 26 September – 4 October 1840the general Galafeev annihilated Belgatoi, Germenchug and Shela.
On the 7th October of 1840 the general Galafeev annihilated 5 farmsteads near Shela.
On the 10th October of 1840 were annihilated the oevlas Said-Yurt, Arsenoi and Avturi.
On the 27th October of the generals Grabbe and Galafeev devastated the oevlas of the Little Chechenia.
In October – November of 1840 were annihilated the oevlas Aldi, Goiti, Ghikhi, Mairtup, Akki-Yurt and etc.
In November of 1840 the general Grabbe punishes the Big Chechenia.
In September of 1848 the general Nesterov annihilated all the oevlas of the Little Chechenia.
In October of 1848 the brigade-commander Baklanov cut out all the inhabitants of the oevla Makhmud, meanwhile they took 7 persons to capture.
On the 12th December of 1849 “the hunt detachment” of the colonel Sleptsov devastated the oevla Tsotsan.
On the 17th February of 1850 the general Sleptsov devastated all the oevlas by the lover flow of the rivers Valerik, Gikhi and Roshni.
On the 17th February of 1850 the general Sleptsov annihilated Datlih and all the oevlas by the river Fortanga.
On the 13th January of 1852 the general-major Krukovsky devastated the farmstead of Dubi.
16-18 January of 1852 the count Baryatinski and the baron Vrevsky devastated all the oevlas along the rivers Roshni, Ghehi, Djalka, Khulkhulau and Gums.
On 26th March of 1852 the baron Meller-Zakomelsky devastated all the Michik oevlas.
10-12 August of 1852 the count Baryatinski annihilated the oevlas of the Big Chechenia.
On the 11th August of 1852 the colonel Baklanov devastated the oevla Gordali.
In 1853 V.Savinov by the command of the IIId department of the gendarmerie administration of this Emperor Majesty published an antichechen novel in four parts named “Shikh Mansur” (In Tartar Kumyk manner is called the Chechen historical figure Sheikh Mansur).
17-18 February of 1853 the count Baryatinski devastated the oevlas of the Big Chechenia.
On the 13th July of 1854 the colonel Nicolay devastated the oevla Sata-Yurt.
In August of 1854 the general the baron Wrangel devastated the whole Chechenia.
In December of 1854 the baron Wrangel annihilated all the oevlas along the rivers Djalka and Bass, and the general Nicolay annihilated the oevlas on the Habi-Shovdan hights and on the Michik.
3-14 January of 1855 the general Wrangel annihilated the oevlas along the rivers Djalka and Habi-Shovdan. The general Wrangel compelled 418 Chechen families to move on the territories, which were occupied by the Russian troops.
On 16-17 April the general Wrangel devastated the oevlas along the rivers Djalka and Argun.
On the 28th December of 1855 – the 9th January of 1856 the general Nicolaii devastated the oevlas Gums and Ghertmh.
IV. The plan of 1852 elaborated by Nicolai I, by the minister Dolgorukov and the commander the left wing of the Caucasian Line the count Baryatinski provided for Chechens to become Cossacks but deprived of the Cossack’s privileges (CSMHA – the Central State Military History Archive, folio 38, roll 855, file 27-a, pp. 1-4).
V. In 1856-1862 the colonel Baryatinski and the general Milutin elaborated the plan of moving Chechens to Don (ibidem, roll 867, file 11-a, pp. 8-11). In 1864 the general Kravtsov completed this plan by it’s own Secret Memorandum (ibidem, roll 877, file 36-a, pp. 1-18).
VI. Still yet in1853 the Russian historian Platon Zubov elaborated a plan of moral corruption and spiritual degradation of the Chechen people by seducing Chechen women.
VII. On the 20th September of 1861 the Department of general Staff on the Military Ministry of Russia elaborated a plan of moving Chechens to the Orenburg province.
VIII. In 1861-1863 the generals Mussa Kundukhov, Kravtsov and Loris-Melikov worked out a plan of 311 pages projecting expatriation of Chechen compelling them to move to the Turkish Empire. The plan was called “The Case of the Secret Section of Tersky province on moving the natives of Chechenia to Turkey. They succeeded to move 490 families. This plan was published for the first time in Rostov-on-Don in 1925.
IX. On the 25th December of 1869 the general and linguist baron von Uslar proposed a plan of assimilation of all the conquered Muslims including Chechens (The Collection of the Data on the Caucasian mountaineers, Tiflis, 1870, issue III, the article “On spreading of literacy among the mountaineers”).
Joseph Stalin had known well about these genocide plans.
16-24 January 1856 the general Evdokimov devastates and robs villages in the Big Chechenia.
On the 6th December of 1857 the subcolonels Bartolomei and Bazhenov annihilated Ali-yurt and Motsi-yurt.
8th December 1857 the generals Olshevski and Mishchenko destroyed Tsotsan-yurt, Jisti-su, Sherdi, Gunoy, Dishni.
10th December of 1857 Mishchenko annihilated Habi-Shovdan between Ghertmo and Chartoi and compelled 2000 court-yard to move into the territory occupied by the Russians.
13th December 1857 the general Evdokimov in his report to the military minister Sukhozanett informs: “There is no one Chechen house remained in Big Circassian Plane ever more”.
5-10 February of 1858 the detachments of the general Kemferta and Rudanovsky destroyed Ismail-yurt, Dutik and Ulus-kert.
29th March of 1858 the subcolonel Bazhenov annihilated Zazergenoy.
2-19 April of 1858 96 countries from Tengi to Gekhi were destroyed.
In the end of June of 1860 Bazhenov annihilated 14 villages in the upper flow of the Argun river.
In November-December of 1860 the Russian troops punished the whole mountainous Chechenia.
13-30 January of 1861 the general Mussa Kundukhov (one of the authors of the plan of expatriation of Chechens into Turkish Empire) destroyed 15 villages of the Eastern Chechenia.
13th April of 1877 – 9th March 1878 Alibek Khadzhi Aldanov rose a revolt. On the 9th March of 1879 he and some other leaders of the revolt were executed in Grozny.
1878 is the first year of partisan period in the Russian-Chechen war. Since that time in the Russian history and politics Chechen partisans are called abreks or bandits.
During the Soviet time the tsarist plans of expatriation the Chechens from the Caucasus were fulfilled. A great preparatory work was done before the deportation of the Chechens and Ingushs on the 23d February of 1944. First of all was annihilated for centuries long formed national elite which was the pride of the Chechen nation. This was systematically done during 20s-30s when were executed scientists, teachers, doctors, engineers, writers and religious scientists. Each village lost most respectful people. The tribe and family libraries were robbed and ruined. All this was done with special aim to speed up assimilation of the Chechens among Russians.
On the eve of 1708 the Chechens were about four millions but in 1861 according to the census which was made by the decree of the tsar Alexander I there had been already only 125 thousands of Chechens left.
By the decrees of the minister of the Commissariat of the Internal Affairs (NKVD) Lavrentiy Beria in February in February of 1944 405 thousand of Chechens and 90 thousand of thousand of Ingushs were deported to Kazakhstan. His report of the 1st March of 1944 tells that “478479 Chechens and Ingushs were loaded into the railway wagons; the Ingushs were 91 250 persons.”
In 1944-1948 almost 60% of the deported died from hunger, cold and unusual climate of Kazakhstan.
In 1944 the inhabitants of Haibakh, Tiista, Peshkhoi, Terloi, Mutsaroi, Nashkha were burnt down. 800 corpses with cut heads were plunged down in the lake of Galanchoj.
Such atrocities were done everywhere from Chulg-Yurt and Dargo to Shatoi and Armkhi.
X. In November – December of 1944 a secret plan of the prime-minister of the government of the Russian Federation Victor Chernomyrdin was published. Accordine this plan the Chechens were to be deported to various provinces of Russia. The contents of this plan were made known to the public of the world by the Russia Mass Media.
The investigations are continued.
Thank you for attention.
3.04.03 – 28.07.03